Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci, ib qho yog lub teeb hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, lwm qhov yog lub teeb hluav taws xob ncaj qha hloov pauv.
1.Optical thermal hluav taws xob hloov dua siab tshiab
Lub teeb hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob los tsim hluav taws xob. Feem ntau, lub hnub ci hluav taws xob hloov pauv cov hluav taws xob nqus hluav taws xob rau hauv chav ua haujlwm nruab nrab, thiab tom qab ntawd tsav lub chav turbine los tsim hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem qub yog cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob lub teeb; Cov txheej txheem tom kawg yog cov txheej txheem thermal hloov hluav taws xob, uas yog tib yam li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub hnub ci thermal fais fab yog nws qhov kev ua haujlwm qis thiab tus nqi siab. Nws yog kwv yees tias nws cov peev nyiaj tsawg kawg yog 5 ~ 10 npaug siab dua li ntawm cov chaw siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam. Ib lub chaw nres tsheb 1000MW hnub ci thermal fais fab yuav tsum tau nqis peev ntawm US $ 2-2.5 billion, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab peev ntawm US $ 2000-2500 rau 1kW. Yog li ntawd, nws tsuas yog siv tau rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov me me, thiab kev siv loj loj tsis yog kev lag luam, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov thermal fais fab nroj tsuag zoo tib yam lossis nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag.
2.Optical hluav taws xob ncaj hloov dua siab tshiab
Hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog tsim raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Blackbody (xws li lub hnub) radiates electromagnetic tsis muaj wavelengths sib txawv (raws li sib txawv frequencies), xws li infrared, ultraviolet, pom teeb, thiab lwm yam los tsim tam sim no. Qhov luv luv lub wavelength thiab ntau zaus ntawm rays, lub zog lawv muaj ntau dua. Piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm ultraviolet rays yog ntau dua li ntawm infrared rays. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua qhov wavelengths ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov nyhuv photovoltaic yog ywj siab ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Tam sim no tuaj yeem tsim tau tsuas yog thaum qhov zaus nce mus txog lossis tshaj qhov pib uas tuaj yeem tsim cov nyhuv photovoltaic. Qhov siab tshaj plaws wavelength ntawm lub teeb uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub semiconductor. Piv txwv li, qhov sib txawv band dav ntawm crystalline silicon yog hais txog 1.155ev ntawm chav tsev kub. Yog li ntawd, lub teeb nrog lub wavelength tsawg dua 1100nm tuaj yeem ua rau crystalline silicon tsim cov nyhuv photovoltaic. Lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog ib txoj kev tsim hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv dua tshiab thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, uas yuav tsis tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide thaum lub sij hawm tsim hluav taws xob thiab yuav tsis ua phem rau ib puag ncig. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom, nws tau muab faib ua silicon-based semiconductor roj teeb, CdTe cov roj teeb nyias nyias, CIGS cov roj teeb nyias nyias, dye-sensitized nyias zaj duab xis roj teeb, cov roj teeb organic, thiab lwm yam. Silicon cell muab faib ua ib leeg siv lead ua, polycrystalline hlwb. thiab amorphous silicon nyias zaj duab xis hlwb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws parameter rau hnub ci hlwb yog kev hloov dua siab tshiab. Ntawm cov silicon-raws li hnub ci hlwb tsim nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam, efficiency ntawm monocrystalline silicon hlwb yog 25.0 feem pua, cov efficiency ntawm polycrystalline silicon hlwb yog 20.4 feem pua, cov efficiency ntawm CIGS nyias zaj duab xis hlwb yog 19.6 feem pua, efficiency ntawm CdTe nyias zaj duab xis hlwb. yog 16.7 feem pua, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm amorphous silicon (amorphous silicon) nyias zaj duab xis yog 10.1 feem pua
